Surgical intervention traditionally consists of the use of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG).
The heart muscle receives its blood supply from the Coronary Arteries, a system of blood vessels that arise from the Aorta, just outside the left ventricle.
When we’re born these arteries are normally clean, free of atherosclerotic plaque. As we age, however, disease sets in and blockages may occur. When these blockages reach a point at which they occlude about 75% of the arterial flow angina may occur. Total occlusion of any artery may lead to a heart attack.
There are several means by which this may be treated. Medications alone may be sufficient to alleviate and control angina. Interventional procedures such as PTCA and Stent insertion may be utilized. Surgical intervention traditionally consists of the use of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG).
In a traditional Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, veins are removed from the legs or arm. These veins are sutured to the aorta, then to the affected coronary artery, bypassing the blocked areas.
This is done by splitting the breastbone of the patient, exposing the entire heart to the surgeon’s view.
Internal Mammary Bypass Grafts
In addition to standard Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts using veins removed from the leg or artery the surgeon may also use one of the arteries that normally feeds the chest wall, the Internal Mammary Artery.
With this approach the artery is dissected away from its normal position and rerouted to be attached to one of the coronary arteries. This avoids the need to utilize a vein graft.
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